Wednesday, August 18, 2010

Types of Solids


Solids can be crystalline or amorphous. Some examples of solids are ice, coal, etc.


A crystalline solid is one in which the atoms, ions, or molecules lie in an orderly array. There are various types of solids, which are categorized as shown below.


Molecular Solids: It consists of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces.  The physical property of molecular solids varies greatly.

Metallic Solids: It consists of positive cores of atoms held together by a surrounding sea of electrons.  The delocalized electrons are from the outer shells of the metallic atoms. This type of solid also has physical properties that vary over a wide range.


Ionic Solids: It consists of ions, cations and anions held together by the electrostatic attraction of opposite charges.


Covalent Network Solids: A covalent network is one that consists of atoms held together in large networks by covalent bonds.  One can think of a covalent network solid as a giant molecule.  In this type of solid inter- and intra-molecular forces are indistinguishable.

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