Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the Earth's atmosphere.

Here I am also providing you a link on the definition of pressure.You can get the clear concepts of pressure here.

There is less atmospheric mass where there is low pressure areas  above their location, whereas high pressure areas have more atmospheric mass above their location. Similarly,when elevation increases there is less overlying atmospheric mass, so that pressure decreases with increasing elevation.

How to calculate atmospheric pressure:You can see atmospheric pressure calculator to know how to calculate atmospheric calculator.By using the Barometric Formula,

P = Mass/Volume = (nNAm)/nRT / P
R/NA = K

n = number of moles

NA = Avogadro number

m = mass of one molecule

K = Boltzmann constant

R = Gas constant

You can always refer my blog for science help , and also send in your comments and suggestions.

Skeleton & Bones

We science help , we are now covering the topic skeletons and bones.Let us learn about Skeleton & Bones

Skeletons are the structures which hold our bodies together & are very important to keeping us healthy. Learn about moving & growing by sorting & labeling the bones of a human skeleton as well as the skeletons of other animals such as fish, an insect or horse in this fun activity for kids. Find out where bones such as skull, collar bone, the ribs,& pelvis belong inside the human body.

Learn interesting facts & ideas, did you know there are over 200 bones in the adult human body? Or that like crabs & lobsters, insects have exoskeletons skeletons on the outside of their bodies? Enjoy finding out more about the human skeleton & animal bones with this cool, interactive game.

The human skeleton includes of both fused & individual bones supported & supplemented by tendons, ligaments, muscles & cartilage. It serves as a scaffold which anchors muscles, supports organs, & protects organs such as the lungs, brain & heart. The biggest bone in the human body is the femur in the upper leg & the smallest is the stapes bone in the middle ear. In an adult the skeleton comprises around 14% of the total body weight, & half of this weight is water.

 In our next blog we shall learn about hibiscus flower I hope the above explanation was useful.Keep reading and leave your comments.

Stages of Evolution

In this post we learn about Evolutions and the stages of evolution. Lets first define evolution and then,understand Darwin theory of evolution;The theory of evolution is an explanation for the origin of the cosmos and life on Earth through natural processes.

Darwin's Theory of Evolution is the widely held notion that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers -- all related. Darwin's general theory presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely naturalistic (undirected) "descent with modification".Darwin's theory also explains the study of chromosome structure which is a very important aspect under evolution.

According to the theory of evolution, earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago. Its atmosphere probably contained little free oxygen, but a lot of water vapor and other gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and was extremely hot. By 3.9 billion years ago, earth cooled enough for water vapor to condense, allowing millions of years of rain that formed earth's oceans.

Fish Respiratory System

In this post we are learning about the fish respiratory system.Gills are made to mediate the gas exchange in fish. The filaments are arranged in order  in rows in the gill arches, and each filament has lamellae, discs that contain capillaries. We know the blood enters and leaves the gills through these small blood vessels. Although gills are all restricted to a small section of the body, the immense respiratory surface created by the gill filaments provides the whole animal with an efficient gas exchange. The surrounding water keeps the gills wet.

A flap, the operculum, covers and protects the gills of bony fish. Water containing dissolved oxygen enters the fish's mouth, and the animal moves its jaws and operculum in such a way as to pump the incoming water through the gills. As water passes over the gill filaments, blood inside the capillaries picks up the dissolved oxygen. Since the blood in the capillaries flows in a direction opposite to the flow of water around the gill filaments, there is a good opportunity for absorption. The circulatory system then transports the oxygen to all body tissues and picks up carbon dioxide, which is removed from the body through the gills. After the water flows through the gills, it exits the body behind the fish's operculum.In the next post we learn about fish circulatory system and functions.

Monocot Stem

In this post we can learn about monocot stem, its parts and the uses.We will also try to see how monocot is different from dicot stem i.e monocot vs dicot and the basic differences.

Lets learn using the transverse section of monocot stem with an example. It has the following four parts:

 

            1) epidermis

            2) cortex (with or without part of it being differentiated into a hypodermis)

            3) vascular bundles

            4) a matrix called conjunctive tissue.

Galore grouping use the statement "pith" instead of connective paper for monocots, but in fact we are not alone certain what this evolved from (see pages 206 to 214 in Organism Anatomy (Mauseth)). Angiosperm stems, in which the stele consists of numerous tube bundles in a complex piece, are said to person an atactostele. Oft, fill leave draw the tube bundles of endogen stems as "sporadic," but that implies they are haphazard, and jazz no itinerary. If you could see the bundles in triad dimensions, examining a length of stem, you would see that they someone an extremely punctilious organisation, it is conscionable too difficult to translate it by examining a thwartwise section.

Nitrogen Cycle Diagram

Nitrogen (N) is an very essential component which forms the building blocks of life. All living organisms require nitrogen to live and grow.We will try to learn about the nitrogen uses in daily life.Majority of the air which we breathe is N₂, most of the nitrogen in the atmosphere is unavailable for use by organisms.Find below the nitrogen cycle diagram which helps us understand the process well.

Quintet important processes pedal nitrogen finished the biosphere, part, and geosphere: gas fixation, nitrogen uptake (system ontogeny), cryogen mineralization (change), nitrification, and denitrification. Microorganisms, peculiarly microorganism, wit stellar roles in all of the pedagogue element transformations. As microbially mediated processes, these nitrogen transformations lean to occur faster than geological processes similar shield motion, a real weaken, purely energetic activity that is a thing of the copy oscillation. Instead, rates are strained by environmental factors that persuade microbial reflexion, such as temperature, moisture, and ingenuity availability.

Animal Cell Structure

In this post we are learning about animal cell and its structure.Animal cells are typical named as eukaryotic cell, which is enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.The animal cell structure consists of the following parts. 


We will learn about the animal cell parts and functions which is a very important topic covered under animal cells.

• Centrioles - Centrioles are the self-replicating organelles which is made up of nine bundles of microtubules and are found only in animal cells.
  
• Cilia and Flagella - For single-celled eukaryotes, cilia and flagella are essential for the locomotion of individual organisms.
  
• Endoplasmic Reticulum - The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of sacs that manufactures, processes, and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell.
  
• Golgi Apparatus - The Golgi apparatus is the distribution and shipping department for the cell's chemical products.
  
• Lysosomes - Lysosomes break down cellular waste products and debris from outside the cell into simple compounds, which are transferred to the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials.
  
• Microfilaments - Microfilaments are solid rods made of globular proteins called actin.
  
• Microtubules - These are straight, hollow cylinders,which composed of tubulin protein, are found throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and perform a number of functions.
  
• Mitochondria - Mitochondria are oblong shaped organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell. In the animal cell, they are the main power generators, converting oxygen and nutrients into energy.
  
• Nucleus - The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information and administrative center of the cell.
  
• Peroxisomes - Microbodies are a diverse group of organelles that are found in the cytoplasm, roughly spherical and bound by a single membrane. There are several types of microbodies but peroxisomes are the most common.
  
• Plasma Membrane -  The plasma membrane is the inner layer of protection surrounded by a rigid cell wall. Eukaryotic animal cells have only the membrane to contain and protect their contents. T
  
• Ribosomes -Living cells contain ribosomes.